Exploring the Relationship Between Public Stigma, Self-Stigma, and Counselling Help-Seeking Intentions Among Adolescents in Madrasah
-
Published: September 30, 2023
Abstract
To improve the mental well-being of adolescents is that there is no intention to seek psychological help. This study aims to explore the relationship between public stigma, self-stigma, and the intention to seek psychological help among adolescents who are educated in Madrasas. The method used in this study is quantitative with a cross-section design. This study involved 580 participants, who were invited using convenience and snowball sampling methods. The instruments used were cultural orientation, self-public, social-network stigma, attitudes towards seeking help, intention to seek counseling, and demographic questions. The main findings suggest that adolescents who experience high levels of public stigma tend to have higher levels of self-stigma, which further influences their intention to seek help (psychologically). In addition, cultural orientation also shapes perceptions and attitudes toward seeking counseling help. The findings of this study highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to reduce public stigma against mental health problems, which can be provided by educational institutions, mental health organizations, as well as governments to create an environment that supports the mental well-being of adolescents.
- Adolescents Cultural orientation
- Intention to seek counseling help
- Public stigma Self-stigma

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Abdollahi, A., Hosseinian, S., Beh-Pajooh, A., & Carlbring, P. (2017). Self-concealment mediates the relationship between perfectionism and attitudes toward seeking psychological help among adolescents. Psychological Reports, 120(6), 1019–1036. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117713495
- Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x
- Akbar, M. A. A., Suryati, S., & Fitri, H. U. (2023). The Influence of Islamic Spiritual Guidance by Increasing Mental Peace for the Elderly in Palembang. Grief and Trauma, 1(2), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.59388/gt.v1i2.568
- Cash, T. F., Begley, P. J., McCown, D. A., & Weise, B. C. (1975). When counselors are heard but not seen: Initial impact of physical attractiveness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 22(4), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076730
- Chiou, J. S. (2001). Horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism among college students in the united states, taiwan, and argentina. Journal of Social Psychology, 141(5), 667–678. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540109600580
- Coker, E. M. (2005). Selfhood and social distance?: Toward a cultural understanding of psychiatric stigma in Egypt. 61, 920–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.01.009
- Corrigan, P. (2004). How stigma interferes with mental health care. American Psychologist, 59(7), 614–625. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.7.614
- Germani, A., Delvecchio, E., Li, J. Bin, & Mazzeschi, C. (2020). The Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism Scale: Early Evidence on Validation in an Italian Sample. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(3), 904–911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01571-w
- Hambleton, R. K., Merenda, P. F., & Spielberger, C. (2004). Issues, designs, and technical guidelines for adapting tests into multiple languages and cultures. In Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410611758
- Hammer, J. H., & Parent, M. C., & Spiker, D. A. (2018). Mental Help Seeking Attitudes Scale (MHSAS): Development, reliability, validity, and comparison with the ATSSPH-SF and IASMHS-PO. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65. 74-85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000248
- International Test Commission, I. (2018). ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second Edition). International Journal of Testing. International Journal of Testing, 18((2)), 101–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2017.1398166
- Jorm, A. F., & Griffiths, K. M. (2008). The public’s stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders?: how important are biomedical conceptualizations?? Acta Psychiatr, 2, 315–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01251.x
- Khalid, A. S. (2023). The Implementation of Reality Therapy in Dealing with Post-Traumatic Disorder: A Case Study. Grief and Trauma, 1(2), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.59388/gt.v1i2.283
- Komiya, N., Good, G. E., & Sherrod, N. B. (2000). Emotional openness as a predictor of college students’ attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(1), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.138
- Lakmi, S. (2017). Intensi Mencari Bantuan Pemilihan Kelompok Peminatan Ditinjau dari Stigma pada Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling. Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata).
- Lestari , M., Hasan, H., Silalahi, M. F., Thalib, M. M., Ampulembang, J. A. C., & Kushendar, K. (2023). Group Counseling on Increasing the Learning Motivation of Broken Home Students. Grief and Trauma, 1(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.59388/gt.v1i1.226
- Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Bresnahan, M., Stueve, A., & Pescosolido, B. (2001). Public Conception of Mental Illness: Labels, Causes, Dangerousness, and Social Distance. American Journal of Public Health, 91(2), 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.117.203950
- Maba, A. P., & Saputra, A. A. (2019). Intention to seek counseling among indonesian students: Examining the impact of social anxiety and loneliness. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 2(2), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v2i2.434
- Putri, A. A., Suryati, S., & Fitri, H. U. (2023). Group Counseling Cognitive Restructuring to Increase Self-Control Against Drugs Users. Grief and Trauma, 1(1), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.59388/gt.v1i1.98
- RI, K. K. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023 (Depresi pada Anak Muda di Indonesia). In Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/laporan-tematik-ski/
- Riset Dinas Kesehatan. (2018). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. In Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3514/1/Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.pdf.
- Setiawan, J. L. (2006). Willingness to seek counselling, and factors that facilitate and inhibit the seeking of counselling in Indonesian undergraduate students. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 34(3), 403–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880600769654
- Shamad, M. Y. (2017). Hukum Pernikahan dalam Islam. Istiqra’, 5(September), 74–77.
- Soh, S., & Leong, F. T. L. (2002). Validity of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism in Singapore: Relationships with values and interests. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033001001
- Tenjovic, L., Petrovic, N., & Srna, J. (2020). Examination of the factorial structure of the Mental Help Seeking Attitudes Scale – MHSAS: one instructive example. Empirical Studies in Psychology, 55–58. https://doi.org/https://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/handle/123456789/4340/EIP2020_conf_proceedings.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=9
- Topkaya, N., Vogel, D. L., & Brenner, R. E. (2017a). Examination of the Stigmas Toward Help Seeking Among Turkish College Students. Journal of Counseling & Development, 95(April), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12133
- Topkaya, N., Vogel, D. L., & Brenner, R. E. (2017b). Examination of the Stigmas Toward Help Seeking Among Turkish College Students. Journal of Counseling and Development, 95(2), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12133
- Tremblay, M. C., Martin, D. H., McComber, A. M., McGregor, A., & Macaulay, A. C. (2018). Understanding community-based participatory research through a social movement framework: A case study of the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5412-y
- Triandis, H. C., & Gelfand, M. J. (1998). Converging Measurement of Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.118
- Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Ascheman, P. L. (2009). Measuring Perceptions of Stigmatization by Others for Seeking Psychological Help: Reliability and Validity of a New Stigma Scale With College Students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(2), 301–308. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014903
- Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Haake, S. (2006). Measuring the self-stigma associated with seeking psychological help. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(3), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.3.325
- Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Hackler, A. H. (2007). Perceived public stigma and the willingness to seek counseling: The mediating roles of self-stigma and attitudes toward counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.54.1.40
- Yap, M. B. H., Wright, A., & Jorm, A. F. (2010). The influence of stigma on young people ’ s help-seeking intentions and beliefs about the helpfulness of various sources of help. 1257–1265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0300-5.