Internal Locus of Control and Academic Self-Efficacy Influence on Academic Adjustment among College Students

  • Nabilla Nur Auliya 
    Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
    Indonesia
  • Zaharuddin Zaharuddin
    Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
    Indonesia
  • Kusumasari Kartika Hima Darmayanti
    Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
    Indonesia

Abstract

Academic adjustment is a critical experience for university students in an educational setting. Students' ability to adjust with academic pressures will determine their level of success in reaching educational goals and academic development. As a result, it is critical to comprehend the psychological aspects that can influence a student's academic adjustment. This study examined the influence of internal locus of control and academic self-efficacy on academic adjustment among students at the Faculty of Psychology UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. This study involved (n=228) students selected using simple random sampling. The data was analyzed with IBM SPSS version 26 and Mplus version 7. Internal locus of control and academic self-efficacy significantly contribute to academic adjustment (R2 = 0.975). The increase in one point on internal locus of control and academic self-efficacy will impact academic adjustment. To improve students' academic adjustment, universities, especially academic departments, should focus on student locus of control and academic self-efficacy. They can approach learning problems better equipped and achieve their academic goals if they improve their internal locus of control and academic self-efficacy.

Keywords
  • academic adjustment
  • academic self-efficacy
  • college students
  • internal locus of control
Lisensing Information
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Auliya, N. N., Zaharuddin, Z., & Darmayanti, K. K. H. (2023). Internal Locus of Control and Academic Self-Efficacy Influence on Academic Adjustment among College Students. COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education, 8(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.23916/0020230841810
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX
References

  1. Abood, M. H., Alharbi, B. H., Mhaidat, F., & Gazo, A. M. (2020). The relationship between personality traits, academic self-efficacy and academic adaptation among university students in Jordan. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(3), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.5430/IJHE.V9N3P120

  2. Anbesaw, T., Beyene, A., & Kefale, J. (2022). Adjustment problem and associated factors among first-year undergraduates at Wollo University, Ethiopia. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.946417

  3. Anderson, J, R., Guan, Y., & Koc, Y. (2016). The academic adjustment scale: Measuring the adjustment of permanent resident or sojouener student. International Journal of Intercular Relations, 54, 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2016.07.006.

  4. Baker, R. W., & Siryk, B. (1984). Measuring adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(2), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0167.31.2.179

  5. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Freeman. Google Scholar

  6. Bargmann, C., & Kauffeld, S. (2023). The interplay of time management and academic self-efficacy and their influence on pre-service teachers’ commitment in the first year in higher education. Higher Education, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00983-w

  7. Baron, A. R., & Byrne, D. (2004). Social Psychology (10th ed). Pearson. Google Scholar

  8. Basharpoor, S., & Einy, S. (2023). Developing a causal model of academic adjustment of students with learning disabilities based on academic self-efficacy and academic eagerness: The mediating role of the academic resilience. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 12(45), 18–33. https://doi.org/10.22098/jld.2022.7608.1814

  9. Bukhori, B., Ma’arif, S., Panatik, S. A. B., Siaputra, I. B., & Al Afghani, A. A. (2022). A study on muslim university students in indonesia: The mediating role of resilience in the effects of religiosity, social support, self-efficacy on subjective well-being. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 5(2), 152–171. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v5i2.2972

  10. Campos, M., Peixoto, F., Bártolo-Ribeiro, R., & Almeida, L. S. (2022). Adapting as I go: An analysis of the relationship between academic expectations, self-efficacy, and adaptation to higher education. Education Sciences, 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100658

  11. Can, S., & Durukan, E. (2019). The level of pedagogical formation students’ academic locus of control. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 8(3), 531–536. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v8i3.18166

  12. Chen, C., Shen, Y., Zhu, Y., Xiao, F., Zhang, J., & Ni, J. (2023). The effect of academic adaptability on learning burnout among college students: The mediating effect of self-esteem and the moderating effect of self-efficacy. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16(May), 1615–1629. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S408591

  13. Cozby, P. C., & Bates, S. C. (2015). Methods in behavioral research. McGraw-Hill Education. Google Scholar

  14. Crider, A. B., Goethals, G. R., Kavanaugh, R. D., & Solomon, P. R. (1983). Psychology Glenview. IL: Scott, Foresman. Google Scholar

  15. Currel, G. (2015). Scientific Data Analysis. Oxford University Press. Google Scholar

  16. Darmayanti, K. K. H., Anggraini, E., Winata, E. Y., & Mardianto, M. F. F. (2021). Confirmatory factor analysis of the academic self-efficacy scale: An indonesian version. Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi Dan Pendidikan Indonesia (JP3I), 10(2), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.15408/jp3i.v10i2.19777

  17. Faizah, L., & Rifameutia, T. (2019). Sojourner students’ adjustment: Do they need to lower their normative achievement goal orientation to remain confident and survive? Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 23(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.1120119

  18. Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics: Introducing Statistical Methods. SAGE. Google Scholar

  19. Fitri, R., & Kustanti, E. R. (2020). The relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic self-adjustment in overseas students from Eastern Indonesia in Semarang. Jurnal EMPATI, 7(2), 491–501. https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2018.21669

  20. Fruehwirth, J. C., Mazzolenis, M. E., Pepper, M. A., & Perreira, K. M. (2023). Perceived stress, mental health symptoms, and deleterious behaviors during the transition to college. Plos One, 18(6), e0287735. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287735

  21. Gavit, J., & Suvera, P. (2020). A study of correlation between locus of control and psychological adjustment of tribal and non-tribal college students. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 9(3), 56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20200903.11

  22. Gawas, A. (2022). The effect of locus of control, cultural intelligence and academic self-efficacy on the academic adjustment among Yemeni students in Turkey. American International Journal of Social Science Research, March, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.46281/aijssr.v11i1.1643

  23. Gravetter, F. J., Wallnau, L. B., Forzano, L. A. B., & Witnauer, J. E. (2020). Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences 10th. Cengage Learning. Google Scholar

  24. Griffiths, T. L., Dickinson, J., & Day, C. J. (2021). Exploring the relationship between extracurricular activities and student self-efficacy within university. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 45(9), 1294–1309. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2021.1951687

  25. Heffer T, W. T. (2017). A count of coping strategies: A longitudinal study investigating an alternative method to understanding coping and adjustment. PLoS ONE 12(10): E0186057. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186057

  26. Hernandez, J. M. C., Costa Filho, M., Kamiya, A. S. M., Pasquini, R. O., & Zeelenberg, M. (2022). Internal locus of control and individuals’ regret for normal vs. abnormal decisions. Personality and Individual Differences, 192, 111562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111562

  27. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

  28. Jondani, A. J. (2021). Locus of Control in College Students with and Without Visual Impairments, and the Visual Characteristics that Affect It. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 115(1), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X20987019

  29. Kristensen, S. M., Larsen, T. M. B., Urke, H. B., & Danielsen, A. G. (2023). Academic stress, academic self-efficacy, and psychological distress: A moderated mediation of within-person effects. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01770-1

  30. Kumar, P., Kumar, N., & Ting, H. (2021). An impact of content delivery, equity, support and self-efficacy on student’s learning during the COVID-19. Current Psychology, 1, 2460–2470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02053-3

  31. Lee, H. J., Lee, K. J., & Kwak, S. Y. (2021). The effects of internet game addiction and self-efficacy on campus life adaptation of nursing students. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2021.22.3.101

  32. Li, G., & Middlemiss, W. (2022). Effects of cultural intelligence and social support on adjustment of international students in higher education. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 33(2), 143–152. Google Scholar

  33. Liran, B. H., & Miller, P. (2019). The role of psychological capital in academic adjustment among university students. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 20(1), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9933-3

  34. Maddux, J. E., & Lewis, J. (1995). Self-efficacy and adjustment: Basic principles and issues. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 37–68). Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6868-5_2

  35. Madson, R. C., Perrone, P. B., Goldstein, S. E., & Lee, C.-Y. S. (2022). Self-efficacy, perceived stress, and individual adjustment among college-attending emerging adults. Youth, 2(4), 668–680. https://doi.org/10.3390/youth2040047

  36. Malarkodi, A., & Magdalin, S. (2019). Relationship between locus of control and self-efficacy among special educators. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 7(2), 599–606. https://doi.org/10.25215/0702.072

  37. Malay, E. D., Otten, S., & Coelen, R. J. (2023). Predicting adjustment of international students: The role of cultural intelligence and perceived cultural distance. Research in Comparative and International Education, 0(0), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/17454999231159469

  38. Mana, A., Saka, N., Dahan, O., Ben-Simon, A., & Margalit, M. (2022). Implicit theories, social support, and hope as serial mediators for predicting academic self-efcacy among higher education students. Learning Disability Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/07319487209

  39. Mudzkiyyah, L., Wahib, A., & Bulut, S. (2022). Well-being among boarding school students: Academic self-efficacy and peer attachment as predictors. Psikohumaniora, 7(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v7i1.10374

  40. Mutar, Q., Mohammad, H., & Hammad, S. (2020). Academic achievement and its relation with self-efficacy and academic adjustment in EFL class. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(5), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i5.1511

  41. Muthén, B., & Muthén, L. (2017). Mplus. In W. J. Linden (Ed.). In Handbook of Item Resspons Theory. Chapman and Hall/CRC. Google Scholar

  42. Nunnally, J., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1177/073428299901700307

  43. Páramo, M. F., Cadaveira, F., Tinajero, C., & Rodríguez, M. S. (2020). Binge drinking, cannabis co-consumption and academic achievement in first year university students in Spain: Academic adjustment as a mediator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020542

  44. Park, J. H., & Kang, S. W. (2022). College life adjustment, life stress, career barriers, and career decision-making self-efficacy of college students who have experienced COVID-19 in South Korea. Healthcare (Switzerland), 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040705

  45. Philipose, J. V, Pilani, S., Dubey, A., Pilani, S., Choubisa, R., & Pilani, S. (2023). Academic adjustment and gratitude in college students: A first-hand evidence from a psychological perspective. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003415725-32

  46. Rahayu, M. N. M., & Arianti, R. (2020). Freshmen adjustment: a study on students at Faculty of Psychology SWCU. Journal of Psychological Science and Profession, 4(2), 73. https://doi.org/10.24198/jpsp.v4i2.26681

  47. Ratnawati, V., Utomo, H. B., Ningsih, R., & Setyaputri, N. Y. (2022). The role of democratic parenting, school climate, and internal locus of control as predictors of academic optimism. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(3), 1210–1217. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22499

  48. Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2011). Introduction to psychometric theory. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. Google Scholar

  49. Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized Expectancies For Internal Versus External Control Of Reinforcement. Psychological Monograph: General and Applied, 80(1). https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0092976

  50. Sabela,  R.A., Fithri, R., & Wahyuni, E. (2022). Academic adjustment of new students in terms of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-concept. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 13(2), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.29080/jpp.v13i2.738.

  51. Sagone, E., & Caroli, M. E. De. (2014). Locus of control and academic self-efficacy in university students: The effects of self-concepts. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 114, 222–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.689

  52. Santokhie, S., & Lipps, G. E. (2020). Development and validation of the tertiary student locus of control scale. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899061

  53. Sari, W. L., & Fakhruddiana, F. (2019). Internal locus of control, social support and academic procrastination among students in completing the thesis. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 8(2), 363–368. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v8i2.17043

  54. Sarid, M., & Lipka, O. (2023). The relationship between academic self-efficacy and class engagement of self-reported LD and ADHD in Israeli undergraduate students during COVID-19. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-023-00677-6

  55. Talarowska, M., Rucka, K., Kowalczyk, M., Chodkiewicz, J., Kowalczyk, E., Karbownik, M. S., & Sienkiewicz, M. (2023). Mental health of students at polish universities after two years of the outbreak of COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031921

  56. Thakare, A. K. (2022). Correlation between locus of control , emotional intelligence , adjustment and academic achievement of adolescent students. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 10(5), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.6084/IJCRTQ020047

  57. Uzun, K., & Karata?, Z. (2020). Predictors of academic self efficacy: Intolerance of uncertainty, positive beliefs about worry and academic locus of control. International Education Studies, 13(6), 104. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n6p104

  58. Valenti, G. D., & Faraci, P. (2021). Predicting university adjustment from coping-styles, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and personality: Findings from a survey in a sample of Italian students. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 11(3), 894–907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030066

  59. Valenti, G. D., Magnano, P., & Faraci, P. (2022). Evaluating the dimensionality of the sociocultural adaptation scale in a sample of international students sojourning in Los Angeles: Which difference between Eastern and Western culture? European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12(5), 465–477. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12050035

  60. van Rooij, E. C. M., Jansen, E. P. W. A., & van de Grift, W. J. C. M. (2018). First-year university students’ academic success: the importance of academic adjustment. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 33(4), 749–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-017-0347-8

  61. Villa, E. A., & Sebastian, M. A. (2021). Achievement motivation, locus of control and study habits as predictors of mathematics achievement of new college students. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 16(3), 0661. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/11297

  62. Wang, Q., Xin, Z., Zhang, H., Du, J., & Wang, M. (2022). The effect of the supervisor–student relationship on academic procrastination: The chain-mediating role of academic self-efficacy and learning adaptation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 2621. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052621

  63. Yongmei, H., & Chen, Y. (2023). The Relationship between Locus of Control and Academic Adaptability Among College Students: Mediating Effect of Academic Self-Efficacy. European Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 4(1), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2023.4.1.542

  64. Yulikhah, S., Bukhori, B., & Murtadho, A. (2019). Self concept, self efficacy, and interpersonal communication effectiveness of student. Psikohumaniora, 4(1), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v4i1.3196

  65. Zajacova, A., Lynch, S. M., & Espenshade, T. J. (2005). Self-efficacy, stress, and academic success in college. Research in Higher Education, 46(6), 677–706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-004-4139-z

  66. Zhao, Y., Ding, Y., Chekired, H., & Wu, Y. (2022). Student adaptation to college and coping in relation to adjustment during COVID-19: A machine learning approach. PLoS ONE, 17(12 December), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279711

  67. Zhuhra, R. T., Wahid, M. H., & Mustika, R. (2022). Exploring college adjustment in first-year Gen Z medical students and its contributing factors. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 29(1), 126–137. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.1.12

Downloads

PDF

Statistic

Abstract Views
: 0 times
PDF
: 0 times

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.